In response to a request from the Defense-State Liaison Office, Military Community & Family Policy, Department of Defense, the Clearinghouse for Military Family Readiness at Penn State conducted a literature review on military-connected children’s educational success. The purpose was to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the research literature. This review includes publications related to dependent children of active duty and reserve component Service members in kindergarten through 12th grade general education and special education. Furthermore, this review includes information on military-connected students’ outcomes related to academic performance, social-emotional development, and mental health. The information for this literature review was drawn from academic journals, government reports, and nongovernment reports. Two-hundred ten publications, spanning January 2002 to April 2022, were identified for this review. Table ES.1 outlines risk and protective/promotive factors that were identified in the quantitative and qualitative literature.