Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a statistical procedure used to determine how measured variables may be grouped together based on their interrelatedness to represent a broader construct. EFA is commonly used to determine how well a set of survey items hang together to represent the overall construct being measured.
Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C., & Morgan, G. A. (2011). IBM SPSS for intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation (4th ed.). Routledge.